To picture these movements, imagine a child jumping and flailing his/her arms very excitedly in order to grab your attention. During adduction, you are moving them towards the median plane. This helps maintain balance in the joints, and it allows the muscles to stimulate both their contractibility and extensibility. Direction: During abduction, you are moving your arm/leg away from the median plane. In other words, when biceps contracts, triceps elongates (here biceps is the agonist, and triceps is the antagonist), but when triceps contracts, biceps elongates (here triceps is the agonist and biceps is the antagonist). Adduction, however, refers to moving your limbs closer to the midline. With abduction, limbs (arms, legs or fingers) are moved away from your body's midline. Adduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb. In the case of fingers and toes, it refers to spreading the digits apart, away from the centerline of the hand or foot.
Remember that just because a muscle is an agonist muscle at one time does not mean it is the agonist all the time. Abduction and adduction are terms that refer to certain body motions or movements. Abduction refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body. Another way to put this is that the medial rotation muscles need to be stretched and the lateral rotation muscles need to strengthened.
This means that when your shoulder is stuck in medial rotation, when you continuously have your arms in a medially rotated position, the medial rotation muscles are shortened and the lateral rotation muscles are lengthened. So, following are muscle categories by action: While the agonist muscle contracts to perform an action, the antagonist muscle must extend or lengthen. This means that certain muscles work against one another to stabilize and balance their joints. Muscles have agonist/antagonist relationships with one another. Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the middle of the body, while adduction is the movement of a limb towards the middle of the body. There is one more thing about muscles we have to know.
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